Apache Hadoop is an open-source software framework designed for distributed storage and processing of massive data sets across clusters of computers using simple programming models. It is built to scale from a single server to thousands of machines, each offering local computation and storage.
Developed by the Apache Software Foundation, Apache Hadoop was inspired by Google’s MapReduce and Google File System (GFS) papers. Today, it forms the backbone of many large-scale data processing platforms.
Hadoop is used for processing and storing Big Data—data sets that are too large or complex for traditional data-processing software. It is the foundation of most modern big data applications, enabling organizations to manage petabytes of structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data. Some common use cases include:
The Hadoop architecture consists of four primary modules:
HDFS in Hadoop? HDFS is a distributed file system in Hadoop designed to store large files reliably. It splits large files into blocks (typically 128MB or 256MB) and distributes them across nodes in a Hadoop cluster.
HDFS Data Flow Simplified:
A) Write Operation Steps:
B) Read Operation Procedures Steps:
C) Built-in Fault Tolerance Steps:
A Hadoop cluster is a collection of computers (nodes) networked together to work as a single system. It includes:
MapReduce is a core component of the Hadoop ecosystem used for processing large data sets. It involves two primary functions:
What does Hadoop’s map procedure from its MapReduce program do? It filters and sorts of data into key-value pairs for further processing by the reducer.
What is Hive and Hadoop? Hive is a data warehouse infrastructure built on top of Hadoop. It allows users to query data using HiveQL, a SQL-like language.
What is Hive in Hadoop? Hive simplifies querying, summarizing, and analyzing large-scale data. It translates HiveQL into MapReduce jobs under the hood.
What is Big Data Hadoop? It refers to using the Hadoop ecosystem to manage big data. The framework is built to handle the 3Vs of big data:
Hadoop Spark, or more precisely Apache Spark, is a fast, in-memory data processing engine. While Hadoop uses disk-based MapReduce, Spark leverages in-memory processing, making it much faster for iterative algorithms like those in
Hadoop vs Spark: Spark is more efficient for real-time and batch processing, whereas Hadoop MapReduce is more disk-reliant but stable for batch jobs.
Hadoop Spark SQL allows for querying data using SQL while leveraging Spark’s in-memory computation. Its architecture integrates with Hadoop through YARN and can be read from HDFS, Hive, and even external sources.
No, Hadoop is not a database. It’s a framework for distributed computing. Unlike traditional databases, Hadoop doesn’t support real-time querying or indexing by default. However, tools like Hive simulate database behavior on top of Hadoop.
The command hadoop fs -copyFromLocal <source> <destination> is used to copy files from the local file system to HDFS. The following is an example command:
hadoop fs -copyFromLocal /home/user/data.csv /user/hadoop/data.csv
If you’re wondering how I can learn Hadoop, there are several great starting points:
You can start with a big data Hadoop and Spark project for absolute beginners Hadoop to get hands-on experience.
The steps for Hadoop software installation:
For Maven integration:
<property>
<name>hadoop.version</name>
<value>3.3.1</value>
</property>
Use mvn cli set hadoop version if working on Java or Scala-based apps.
Hadoop supports ARM architecture, especially with the rise of ARM-based servers and cloud computing. Custom builds are available for ARM64 processors.
So, what does Hadoop do? In essence, Hadoop will allow organizations to:
It is not a traditional database but rather a distributed computing platform. Hadoop is a cornerstone of the Big Data revolution and continues to evolve through tools like Hadoop Spark, Hive, and YARN.
Environment variable HADOOP_OPTS is used to pass custom JVM options to Hadoop processes, e.g., for logging or memory allocation by using the following command:
export HADOOP_OPTS=”-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true”
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